Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
tons, brings additional profit.
The first stage of reconstruction of the algorithm manifold Atyrau -
Samara- its channel capacity now is realized is lifted up to 12 mln of
tons. Due to this the arrangement with Russia about magnifying of a transit
quota in 2000 also was reached.
For Kazakhstan the magnifying of a channel capacity of the algorithm
manifold Atyrau – Samara and export of oil through Russia opens the
perspective market of selling, what Europe is. On a system of oil pipelines
"«Friendship" the Kazakhstan oil can act in Germanium, Poland, Hungary,
Slovenia, Czechia and Slovakia, where there is a stable demand for oil.
Under the forecasts of the experts, by 2010 Central and East Europe will
import about 80 mln of tons of oil to one year. Now more than half of
volumes of imported oil in this region make delivering of the countries of
CIS, primarily - from Russia (51 %). Having expanded outbound opportunities
in this direction, Kazakhstan can become one of the largest suppliers of
raw material in the European countries.
By share efforts of Kazakhstan and Russia is put into operation
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The common extent of the algorithm
manifold makes 1 580 km, primal channel capacity 28 mln ton / year. Thus
for reaching a maximum channel capacity 67 mln of tons of oil per one year
(from them 45 mln ton - for Kazakhstan oil supplier) it is necessary only
to augment opportunities of pump stations, that is recognized schedule to
carry out in four stages. There is a construction of the algorithm manifold
up to Atyrau, which will connect Karachiganak with CPC and will allow
originally pumping up to 7 mln of tons of oil, and in future - up to 11 mln
of tons.
During nearest of forty years CPC will be a stable source of the
incomes for the shareholders, and also Russia and Kazakhstan. According to
accounts, for a period of maintenance of the algorithm manifold in federal
and regional budgets of Russia will arrive approximately 23,3 billion of US
dollars as deductions and profit, of Kazakhstan will receive approximately
8,2 billion of dollars.
The development of transport cooperating with Russian Federation is
most actual for Kazakhstan’s for today within the framework of architecture
of regional and transcontinental transit.
Regional transit. Russian Federation is one of the basic countries of
shaping and assignment of transit weights; on its share it is necessary
about 26 % of shaping and 20 % of assignment of weights from total amount
of all transit transportations.
Transcontinental transit. In the whole transit streams in directions
Southeast and East Asia Europe are evaluated approximately in 330 - 400
billion of dollars. Thus up to 20 % of these streams can pass through
region of Russia and Kazakhstan.
Taking into account in the whole size commodity circulation, iron roads of
the Eurasian continent and primarily Kazakhstan and Russia have real
potential for partial stylus orientations transcontinental good traffic
with sea on railway routes.
For Kazakhstan in this direction of activity has a primary value a
development of transportations on Northern corridor Trans Asian of a
railway turnpike on a route “China - Kazakhstan - Russia – Byelorussia
Poland - Germany. Now Kazakhstan together with Russia Europe - Asia and
back carries on active operation on shaping this terrestrial transport
corridor by the message.
As a whole in transport-communication sphere before Kazakhstan the
following tasks stand:
• Saving conditions for transit of the Kazakhstan power resources through
region of Russia, maintenance at a necessary level of quotas on transit of
oil for Kazakhstan.
• Scheduled magnifying of a channel capacity CPC.
• Decision of accumulating questions between the Ministry of means of
communication of Russian Federation and CJSC of “Kazakhstan Temir Joli” on
railroad rates and other questions.
• Creation of the share enterprises in transport branch.
• Realization share transport - communication of the projects on active use
of transit potential of Kazakhstan and Russia.
2. ABOUT A CONDITION OF FOREIGN TRADE BOTH DEV’T OF THE JOINT /
ENTERPRISES KAZAKHSAN AND RUSSIA
Indexes of foreign trade of RK with RF, 1995-2001
| |1995 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |
|Commodity | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2489,2 | 4227,6 | 4 639,3|
|circulation |265,5 |809,0 |257.2 |323.2 | | | |
|mln of US | | | | | | | |
|dollars | | | | | | | |
|In % to the | | 112,7 | 88,5 | 78,1 | 74,8 | 169,8 | 109,7 |
|appropriate | | | | | | | |
|period of the| | | | | | | |
|previous year| | | | | | | |
|Export, mln | 2 | 2484,4| 2 | 1 | 1 138,6| 1 769,1| 1 748,4|
|of US dollars|365,8 | |287,8 |611,4 | | | |
|In % to the | | 105 | 92,1 | 70,4 | 70,7 | 155,4 | 98,8 |
|appropriate | | | | | | | |
|period of the| | | | | | | |
|previous year| | | | | | | |
|Import, mln | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 350,6| 2458,5 | 2 890,9|
|of US dollars|899.7 |324,6 |969,4 |711,8 | | | |
|In % to the | | 122,4 | 84,7 | 86,9 | 78,9 | 182 | 117,6 i|
|appropriate | | | | | | | |
|period of the| | | | | | | |
|previous year| | | | | | | |
|Balance, mln | 466,1| 159,8 | 318,4 | -100,4| -212 | -689,4 | -1 |
|of US dollars| | | | | | |142,5 |
|Specific | 45,1 | 42 | 35,2 | 29,6 | 19,8 | 19,4 | 20,2 |
|gravity of | | | | | | | |
|Russia in | | | | | | | |
|total amount | | | | | | | |
|of export | | | | | | | |
|from | | | | | | | |
|Kazakhstan, | | | | | | | |
|in % | | | | | | | |
|Specific | 49,9 | 54,8 | 45,8 | 39,4 | 36,7 | 48,7 | 45,4 |
|gravity of | | | | | | | |
|Russia in | | | | | | | |
|total amount | | | | | | | |
|of import in | | | | | | | |
|Kazakhstan, | | | | | | | |
|in % | | | | | | | |
Russian Federation of the valid historically folded processes of an
economic development is the basic trade partner of Kazakhstan and basic
consumer of Kazakhstan production. The specific gravity of Russian
Federation in volume of export in the countries of CIS annually makes not
less than 91-93 %.
In 1997 the reorientation on a development of the foreign trade links
with the countries of long-distance foreign countries began. In this
connection a -percent ratio in volumes of export between the countries of
Commonwealth essentially has varied. In 1997 there was cutting volumes of
foreign trade between Russia and Kazakhstan, per consequent years this
tendency continued to be magnified. On many goods occupying a powerful
share in export of Kazakhstan production in Russia, there was a significant
lowering of standard items.
In 2000 there was an essential heightening of volumes of export with
all countries - basic trade partners from among Commonwealth. The foreign
trade turnover of Kazakhstan with Russia in 2000 has approximated to a
level of 1997. The export has increased as contrasted to 1999 in 1,5 times,
the import has increased by 82 %. In 2001 as contrasted to 2000 of
delivering in Russian Federation practically have remained at a former
level (reduction by 1 %).
The share of Russia in total amount of export in 2001 has made 20,2 %
(in 2000 -19,4 %).
The greatest specific gravity in structure of export in Russian Federation
occupy:
Mineral products - 47,1 of % in 2001 (46,8 % in 2000): coal - 91 % of
export coal from Kazakhstan, oil and gaseous condensate - 12 %, ores and
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