Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
military-engineering sphere were especially made active.
Thus, USA has occupied oil and gases a niche in our region, and Russia
and China by virtue of economic circumstances could not with it compete in
this direction.
In this geopolitical triangle Russia all the same occupied a little
bit dominating positions. This majoring in many respects was determined
strategic military-political component, which role in the international
ratios is traditionally high.
In a context of a common global situation Russia forced to be
reconciled with a determination of military basses of USA in region of its
traditional interests.
Taking into account all these circumstances, Russia faces to necessity
of the policy in Central Asia. The further prolongation above-mentioned of
the tendencies will have for it painful enough consequences.
Despite of some variation of a role of Russia in Central Asia, for
Kazakhstan the strategic interests in a ratio of Russia continue to be
saved.
The necessity of activation of ratios with Russia and holding of
constructive cooperating on much important for Kazakhstan to directions is
dictated as well by that in case of essential weakening of Russia in
Central Asia it will be fraught with negative consequences. The situation
in region can become unstable and badly forecast.
In the whole traditional interests of Kazakhstan in a ratio of Russia
are founded on four factors having long-time character and diminuendos by
such eternal categories, as geography and history.
First, the maintenance partner of ratios with Russia is necessary
valid intercontinental of an arrangement of Kazakhstan, for which the exit
on the world market is vital for an economic development. Russia in this
respect occupies the strategically important position; being by the state,
on which region pass vital for us strategy of transport and communication.
Secondly, Russia is one of the important subjects of the international
system, having significant political weight and rather large military-
engineering opportunities. The Russian factor in many respects determines
external policy a situation around of Kazakhstan, both on regional, and at
the international level.
Thirdly, Russia is the major economic partner Republic of Kazakhstan.
It not only imports different production and techniques to Kazakhstan, but
also is the market of selling of Kazakhstan production. About 70 % of
Kazakhstan industrial potential is involved on economy.
In - fourth, both states are combined with a historical generality,
spiritual and cultural links. In region of Russia the man is Kazakh
Diasporas including 740 thousand. In Kazakhstan Russian are second on
number ethnic group, making about 30 percents of the population of the
country.
In this context the Russian direction of exterior policy of Kazakhstan
remains to one of priority and strategic.
As a whole at the present stage in the Russian-Kazakhstan ratios the
following most priority and perspective directions of cooperating are
meant:
• Mutual trade.
• Interaction in oil and gas and power sphere.
• Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.
• Cooperating in sphere of safety.
1.1 Mutual Trade.
The interests of both countries are answered with magnifying of mutual
trade. Russian Federation traditionally occupies the first place among the
basic trade partners of Kazakhstan both on export, and on import. Trade
turn over in 2001 from Russian Federation has made 4 639,3 million of US
dollars (Diagrama1,2).
It is necessary to mark, that last years the growth of a share of
Russian Federation in import and reduction in export is watched. The
specific gravity of Russia in total amount of the Kazakhstan export is
sequentially reduced (from 44,5 % in 1994 up to 20,2 % in 2001) and is
augmented in import (from 36,3 % per 1994 up to 45,4 % per 2001). Within
several last years of Kazakhstan has negative trade balance with Russian
Federation.
Basic trade partners, in import, 1994-2001 (%)
[pic]
|1994 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |
|•Russian | 36,3 | 54,8 | 45,8 | 39,4 | 36,7 | 48,7 |45,4 |
|Federatio| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• China | 2 | 0,8 |1,1 | 1,2 |2,2 | 3 | 2,8 |
|Poland | 0,7 | 1 |1 | 1,1 | 1,7 | 1,2 | 0,9 |
|•Uzbekist|7,8 | 2,1 |1,5 | 2,2 | 2,4 | 1,5 | 1,3 |
|an | | | | | | | |
|•Kyrgysta| 2,9 | 2,1 |1,5 | 1,2 | 0,7 | 0.6 |0,4 |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• | 0,5 |0,4 | 0,1 | 0,1 |0,1 | 0,1 | 0 |
|Tajikista| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
The Diagrama1
Basic trade partners, in export, 1994-2001 (%)
[pic]
|1994 |1996 |1997 |1998 |1999 |2000 |2001 |
|•Russian | 44.5 | 42 | 35,2 | 29.6 | 19,8 | 19,5 | 20,2 |
|Federatio| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• China | 4,6 | 7,8 | 6,8 | 7 | 8,5 | 7,3 | 7,1 |
|Poland | 1,7 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,8 | 1,4 | 0,8 | 1.5 |
|•Uzbekist| 4 | 3,4 | 2,3 | 2,2 | 1,2 | 1,5 | 1.4 |
|an | | | | | | | |
|•Kyrgysta| 1,9 | 1,9 | 1 | 1,2 | 1,1 | 0.6 | 1 |
|n | | | | | | | |
|• | 03 | 1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 08 | 0.6 | 0,6 |
|Tajikista| | | | | | | |
|n | | | | | | | |
The Diagrama2
Considering structure of export and import on groups of the commodity
spectrum, it is possible to select the following characteristic features.
Export. Structure of export Republic of Kazakhstan in Russian
Federation for the last few years has varied the separate commodity groups
have occupied a leading position.
Now on four commodity groups (glow iris3) (fuel mineral, oil and
petroleum; products of inorganic chemistry; grain bread and ores) are
necessary about 80 % of the Kazakhstan export in Russia, whereas in 1994
on the pointed groups it was necessary 53,3 %. In 2001 as contrasted to
2000 the separate outbound delivering tended to lowering, so, for example,
the specific gravity of export of a grain was reduced from 12 % up to 6 %;
the export of products of inorganic chemistry was reduced from 14 % up to
13 %. Certainly, on lowering of export in Russia renders influence a
variance between the in-house prices and prices of outbound delivering.
At the same time it is necessary to mark, that the reduction of export
has taken place not on all basic groups of the commodity spectrum. The
specific gravity of export of ore has increased from 8 % up to 10 % and
export of fuel from 46 % up to 47 %.
Import of republic of Kazakhstan goes into first five of the countries
of the basic trade partners of Russia in import. The specific gravity of
import of Russia has increased in total amount of the Kazakhstan import
from 36,7 % per 1999 up to 45,4 % per 2001. There were insignificant
variations in groups of imported commodity production. So, the volumes of
import were reduced
[pic]
Diagram 3
[pic]
Diagram 4
Transport, accordingly, from 15 % in 2000 up to 11 % in 2001,
alongside with it the magnifying of import on such commodity groups is
marked: fuel mineral (from 17 % up to 21 %), chemical production (from 14 %
up to 16 %), black metals and work pieces from them (from 11 % up to 13 %)
(Diagrama4).
The analysis of export and import displays, that in structure of
import as against export there is no predominance of separate commodity
groups, it more diversification, at the same time grows a specific gravity
of articles of food, products of processing ready articles.
From 89 regions of Russian Federation 72 have trade - economic links
with Republic of Kazakhstan. Depending on volume trade turn over with
Kazakhstan these regions Russia can divide into a series of groups. The
active participants of the foreign trade activity with Kazakhstan are first
Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
