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   Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia

Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia

Contents

INTRODUCTION 1

1. THE RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RATIOES AT THE PRESENT STAGE 5

1.1 Mutual Trade

8

1.2 Cooperating in oil gas and power

15

1.3 Cooperating in sphere of transport and communication

18

2. CONDITION OF FOREIGN TRADE BOTH DEV’T OF THE JOINT / ENTERPRISES

KAZAKHSAN AND RUSSIA

2.1 Some aspects of economic interaction Kazakhstan and Russia

22

2.2 The factors of economic interaction of Kazakhstan and Russia

24

2.3 Engaging the foreign investments

26

2.4 Cooperating in the field of electric power industry

27

2.5 Cooperating in the field of machine construction industry

28

2.6 Cooperating in the field of a uranium industry

29

3. involvement in international organizations,

kazakhstan and russia

31

3.1 The Eurasian Union: Realities and Perspectives

34

4. VITAL PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT-DAY STATE OF 44

KAZAKHSTANI-RUSSIAN RELATIONS

CONCLUSION 61

LIST OF USED SOURSES 65

INTRODUCTION

The origins of Kazakhstani-Russian relations lie in hoary antiquity, when

Kazakhs and Russians lived on the vast Eurasian territory and, being

neighbors, developed good-neighborly relations in all the spheres of human

activity.

In analyzing the relations between Rus and the Great Steppe, one

cannot fail to mention the work of the greatest specialist in this field,

Lev N. Gumilyov. In his preface to Gumilyov's book, Ancient Rus and the

Great Steppe, Academician Dmitry S. Likhachev wrote this: Rightly taking

into account the links between subsistence economy and the level of

prosperity of ancient societies, and thus their military power, the author

also compares historical events and climactic fluctuations of the steppe

zone of Eurasia. In this way he arrived at a series of clarifications,

which enabled him to describe in detail the historical-geographic backdrop

against which various cultural influences came in conflict with the local

forms of the original culture of Eastern Europe.

It must be noted in any analysis of the emergence of the 15 new, post-

Soviet states on the map of Eurasia that certain specific features marked

the genesis of each of them. The present study focuses on the processes of

sovereignty of Kazakhstan, and the specificity of these processes lies in

that from the very beginning the republic's political leadership did not

initiate centrifugal tendencies, regarding reasonable integration an

imperative of the times and endeavoring to ease as much as possible the

destructive consequences at every stage in the disintegration of the Soviet

Union. Kazakhstan was the last former Soviet republic to declare its

independence - not out of any strong gravitation toward the past or

peripheral political development let us recall that Kazakhstan was one of

the first to experience, in December 1986, the repressive power of

totalitarianism then already withering away but because it understood that

artificial acceleration of this process is fraught with the danger of

serious upheavals. The history of numerous bloody ethnic, social, and even

interstate conflicts in the post-Soviet space bears striking evidence of

that.

The immediate subject matter of the present study is not just the

isolated process of the sovereignty of one of the post-Soviet countries but

the emergence and development against this background of new interstate

relations of two major republics of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan and

Russia. In our view, it is relations between precisely these two countries

that can be seen as a model for the establishment of equal and mutually

advantageous between newly independent states. This view is borne out by a

sufficiently smooth and planned, though far from problem-free, development

of bilateral Kazakhstani-Russian relations, a meaningful historical

tradition of mutual relations, and an absence of sharp turns or wavering

due to subjective or external causes.

Another unifying factor is time—the many centuries of the history of

mutual relations between the peoples of the two countries that have been

neighbors in these great open spaces since the beginning of time. This far

from simple history, full of drama and heroism, these strata of time bound

together by the unremitting toil of numerous generations, unite the two

peoples.

The Soviet period in the relations between the two states let us recall

that, according to the 1977 Constitution of the USSR, the constituent

republics of the Soviet Union were declared to be "sovereign Soviet

socialist states" united in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and

having the right to enter into relations with foreign states, conclude

treaties and exchange diplomatic representatives, and - theoretically

-secede from the USSR was marked by the prevalence of the so-called

converted forms. The ubiquitous and all-round dominance of All-Union

structures made meaningless all talk of real interstate relations between

Kazakhstan and Russia. Both sides were in this case the objects of a

grandiose social experiment. Although positive achievements of tills period

cannot be discarded either.

The emergence and further development of relations of equal partnership

between new independent states, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian

Federation, became a sort of synthesis of the entire centuries-old history

of Kazakh-Russian relations. Only now can the relations between the two

countries be justifiably described as subject-subject ones. At this stage,

both states solved such problems as defining their status in the system of

world politics, establishing relations with leading world nations, and

entering the field of international law.

The dominant role of Kazakhstani problems has determined the

chronological framework of the investigation.

The overall time frame covers the period from December 1991 the setting

up of the Commonwealth of Independent States, which finally marked the

disintegration of the USSR to the end of 1995.

In the four years, bilateral Kazakhstani - Russian relations went

through a series of significant stages the study of which can adequately

determine the level of mutual relations between the two countries, the

scope and range of integration. We single out three stages in the

development of Kazakhstani-Russian relations:

— Defining the legal interstate relations of the two countries December

1991 - May 1920

— Searching for a model of economic and political cooperation between

the states May 1992 - March 1994

— Expanding and deepening integration between Kazakhstan and Russia in the

economic and other spheres March 1994 - 1995.

Although some elements of legal contractual relations between

Kazakhstan and Russia may be discovered before December 1991, when attempts

to preserve the Soviet Union were made, it will be more chronologically

correct, in our view, to choose the moment at which the CIS was legally

formed and the activity of the Union structures of authority was

discontinued as the starting point of the study.

We propose that the signing in May 1992 of the treaty of friendship,

cooperation, and mutual assistance between the two countries be singled out

as the concluding moment of the first stage in the relations between

Kazakhstan and Russia and at the same time as the beginning of the new

stage. That document became the foundation for qualitatively new relations

in the history of the two states, opening the first page in the official

interstate relations in the new history of Kazakhstan and Russia. It

determined the principles of bilateral relations in the political,

economic, military-strategic, cultural, and spiritual spheres, lending a

colossal impulse to the entire subsequent negotiation process.

During the search for a model of interstate economic and political

cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia, the principles were developed

for bilateral relations, which were later recorded in the treaty of

friendship, cooperation, and mutual assistance. The first official visit of

President Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan to the Russian Federation in March 1994

Страницы: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18


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