Economic Relations between Kazakhstan and Russia
three groups of regions of Russia (table 1).
As a whole on 16 regions of Russian Federation from 72 it is necessary
80 % exterior trade turn over of Russia with Kazakhstan. The high activity
pointed 16 regions is stipulated by more developed structure of their
industrial manufacture with predominance of fuel-raw, petrochemical and
machine-building specializations.
Feature of transport -geographical interregional links of regions of
Russia with Kazakhstan is the directedness mutual goods traffic primarily
with Ural, Western and East Siberia, and also with Moscow and Moscow
region.
Basic groups of the trade partners of Kazakhstan in Russia
|Group |Annual |Regions |A share in |
| |commodity | |common |
| |circulation | |commodity |
| | | |circulation |
|I |From 200,0 up |Moscow, |0,465 |
| |to 500,0 mln |Chelyabinsk, | |
| |of dollars |Ekaterenburg, | |
| | |Orenburg and | |
| | |Tyumen region | |
|II |From 100,1 up |Omsk, Irkutsk,|0,22 |
| |to 200,0 mln |Kemerovo, | |
| |of dollars |Moscow region.| |
| | |Altay region | |
| | |and | |
| | |Novosibirsk | |
| | |region | |
|III |From 50,1 up |Kurgan region,|0,115 |
| |to 100 mln of |Republic of | |
| |dollars |Bashkortostan,| |
| | |Republic of | |
| | |Hakasya, | |
| | |Krasnoyarsk | |
| | |region and | |
| | |Samara region | |
|IV |From 20,1 up |Perm, Tomsk |0,095 |
| |to 50,0 mln of|region, | |
| |dollars |Republic of | |
| | |Tatarstan, | |
| | |Nizhniy- | |
| | |Novgorod, | |
| | |Belgorod, | |
| | |Volgograd, | |
| | |Saratov, | |
| | |Rostov, | |
| | |Vladimir, Tula| |
| | |region and. | |
| | |St.-Petersburg| |
|V |Up to 20 mln |Others 45 |0,105 |
| |dollars |regions of | |
| | |Russian | |
| | |Federation | |
The important place in the Russia -Kazakhstan links occupies frontier
cooperating, on which share it is necessary 71,5 % from common commodity
circulation. Most actively explicate trade -economic links with frontier
regions of Kazakhstan Omsk, Orenburg, Astrakhan, Chelyabinsk, Novosibirsk
region and Altay region. From regions of Russia the ready roll stock of
black metals, pipe steel, petroleum, electric motors, automobiles, forest
products, coal, footwear, fabrics and other goods is taken out. In export
of many frontier subjects of Federation significant volume is necessary on
production of a petrochemical industry (Volgograd, Omsk, Samara region,
Altay region - more than 70 %).
In the Russia -Kazakhstan frontier region more 300 share enterprises,
among which such large interstate join, as “Kazroshim”, “Koksohim”,
automobile complex on basis Ural - for and Kustanay diesel factory operate.
The essential propagation in trade with Kazakhstan was received with
barter operations (57 %). So, Orsk meat factory the combine sends in
Kazakhstan in basic production of the manufacture and receives in exchange
raw material for manufacture of this production - living cattle and meat.
The joint-stock company “Nosta” receives from Kazakhstan immovable coal and
delivers metals.
The significant experience of mutual economic cooperating with frontier
regions of Kazakhstan accumulated in the Orenburg region, and also Pavlodar
region of Kazakhstan with frontier regions of Russia. Now 18 % of the
Orenburg export and more than 40 % of import have on Kazakhstan.
By the largest foreign trade partner of Republic Bashkortostan, Altay and
Krasnoyarsk edges, Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Omsk, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk and
Chelyabinsk regions is the Pavlodar region.
As a whole before Kazakhstan in mutual trade with Russia there is a
series of perspective tasks, which decision will influence definitely a
common economic situation in the country.
One of the important tasks is the variation trade balance of Kazakhstan
from Russian Federation from negative in positive. Besides the gradual
variation of structure commodity circulation in favorable for Republic of
Kazakhstan a direction is desirable.
Radiating from interests of two states, it is expedient in the nearest
perspective to consider a complex of measures on hardening links of
frontier regions. The necessity of creation of legal fundamentals of a
development of frontier regions does not call doubts. On our sight, it is
necessary to speed up development of the defining laws. Among them Laws
About state support of a socio economic development of frontier territories
Republic of Kazakhstan, About free economic regions, About frontier trade.
It is necessary also to speed up ratification four sided of the Agreement
on basic principles of frontier cooperating of the states - the
participants of the Contract about a deepening of integration in economic
and humanitarian regions from March 29, 1996.
Obvious presence of potential and mutually advantageous opportunities
of Russia and Kazakhstan also is by way of use of the optimum shapes of
specialization, density of the industrial and financial capital, use of
effective financial instruments, architecture of optimum commodity,
financial and transport streams. In this connection special urgency in a
development Kazakhstan – Russia of links was got with problems of a
synchronization of legislative and normative basis of the countries. It
would be expedient to realize step-by-step transition to collection of the
VAT on destination in Kazakhstan – Russia to trade, having begun it(him)
from machines, equipment, vehicles.
Not less important the coordinated marketing strategy of Kazakhstan and
Russia in the international markets is represented, where the saving and
hardening of common positions is quite possible. The priority direction
represents perfecting the organizational shapes of activity Kazakhstan and
Russian suppliers in the world markets. Them can become cartel of the
agreement.
One of the important instruments of hardening of two-way communications
could become creation of conditions for expansion of contacts between the
enterprises, creation of the share enterprises. On official dates (2000) in
republic 220 share Russia -Kazakhstan enterprises and 88 enterprises with
the 100--percent Russian capital actively work. The majority JV in
republic, including Russia-Kazakhstan JV, has trade –intermediary
directedness. However as against other states Russia- Kazakhstan JV of an
industrial directedness envelop considerably wider spectrum of spheres of
activity - from production and processing of natural operational life up to
production of a high scale of processing that in a defined measure confirms
an overall performance Russia- Kazakhstan JV. At the same time Russia
–Kazakhstan JV for the present do not play that role, which they could play
in a development of trade -economic cooperating. Therefore in this
direction the active support is expedient on the part of state structures.
1.2 Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere.
The given direction of cooperating between two countries by us is one
of perspective. The structure of the Kazakhstan export of oil on the
countries in 2001 is characterized by lowering of a share of delivering in
the countries of CIS (17 %) and expansion of geography of export of oil in
the countries of foreign countries (83 %) (Diagrama5).
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