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   Ðåôåðàò: Ââîäíûå âñòàâíûå êîíñòðóêöèè â ïîýçèè Ì.Þ. Ëåðìîíòîâà

                                                                             ( II, 30 )

                                      Ñ ðîäíûìè áðàòüÿìè ïðîùàåòñÿ:

                                      «Óæ âû, áðàòöû ìîè, äðóãè êðîâíûå,

                                      Ïîöàëóåìñÿ äà îáíèìåìñÿ

                                      Íà ïîñëåäíåå ðàññòàâàíèå»

                                                                             ( II, 30 )

                                      «Èñ÷åçíè, ìðà÷íûé äóõ ñîìíåíüÿ!»-

                                      Ïîñëàííèê íåáà îòâå÷àë

                                                                             ( II, 136 )

                                      «Äåâèöà! ìèð òâîèì êîñòÿì!» –

                                      Ïðîìîëâèë òèõî Èíãåëîò

                                                                             ( II, 262 )

          Ôèêòèâíî – çâàòåëüíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ «ëåæèò â îáëàñòè ëèðè÷åñêîé ïîýçèè» è ñâÿçàíà ñ ïðèåìîì îëèöåòâîðåíèÿ. Ñþäà îòíîñÿòñÿ îáðàùåíèÿ ê ïðåäìåòàì è ÿâëåíèÿì, íå ñïîñîáíûì âîñïðèíèìàòü ðå÷ü è âõîäèòü â êîíòàêò ñ àäðåñàòîì.

____________________________________________________________________

          Ìàêñèìîâ Ë.Þ. Óêàç.ñî÷. Ñ.79.

                                                          - 53 -

 Êîëè÷åñòâî îáðàùåíèé â ýòîé ôóíêöèè äîñòèãàåò 30 % îò îáùåãî ÷èñëà, ÷òî ñâèäåòåëüñòâóåò î æèâîé ñâÿçè òâîð÷åñòâà Ì.Þ. Ëåðìîíòîâà ñ îêðóæàþùèì ìèðîì.

1)   îáðàùåíèÿ ê ïðèðîäíûì îáúåêòàì è ÿâëåíèÿì:

                                      Ïðåêðàñåí òû, ñóðîâûé êðàé ñâîáîäû,

                                      È âû, ïðåñòîëû âå÷íûå ïðèðîäû

                                                                             ( II, 335 )

                                      Î! äëÿ ÷åãî ìíå íåëüçÿ è ïîäóìàòü:

                                      Çâåçäû, âû ÿñíû, êàê ñ÷àñòüå ìîå

                                                                             ( I, 217 )

                                      Øóìè, øóìè æå, âåòåð íî÷è,

                                      Èãðàé ñâîáîäíî â íåáåñàõ

                                      È îñâåòè ìíå ãðóäü è î÷è

                                                                             ( I, 261 )

2)   îáðàùåíèÿ, ñîäåðæàùèå âðåìåííûå ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ:

                                      Óæåëü èñ÷åç òû, âîçðàñò ìèëûé,

                                      Êîãäà âñå ñåðäöó ãîâîðèò

                                                                             ( II, 7 )

                                      Ì÷èñü æå áûñòðåå, ëåòó÷åå âðåìÿ!

                                      Äóøíî ïîä íîâîé áðîíåþ ìíå ñòàëî

                                                                             ( I, 51 )

3)   îáðàùåíèÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèå ñîáîé ïîíÿòèÿ, ñâÿçàííûå ñ ïñèõîëîãèåé, ñîçíàíèåì ëèðè÷åñêîãî ñóáúåêòà:

                                      Ñòðàøèñü, íåâèííàÿ äóøà!

                                      Ñòðàøèñÿ! Ïûëêèé ýòîò âçîð,

                                      Æåëàíüåì, ñòðàñòèþ äûøà,

                                       Òåáÿ ïîãóáèò

                                                                             ( II, 262 )

                                                          - 54 -

                                      Èñ÷åçëî âñå òåïåðü; íî òû îñòàëîñü ìíå,

                                      Óòåõà ñòðàæäóùèõ, ñïàñåíüå â òèøèíå,

                                      Î ìèëîå, äóøè ñâÿòîå âñïîìèíàíüå

                                                                             ( I, 100 )

                                      Ïðî÷ü, ïðî÷ü, ñëåçà ïîçîðíàÿ,

                                      Êèïè, äóøà ìîÿ

                                                                             ( I, 90 )

4)   îáðàùåíèÿ ê íåîäóøåâëåííûì èëè ñêàçî÷íûì ïðåäìåòàì:

                                      Ïðîñòèòå, øóìíûå ïèðû,

                                      Õâàëû äîñòîéíûå íàïåâû

                                                                             ( I, 113 )

          Îáðàùåíèÿ, âûïîëíÿþùèå óñëîâíî – çâàòåëüíóþ ôóíêöèþ, íàèáîëåå ÷àñòîòíû â ëèðèêå Ì.Þ. Ëåðìîíòîâà (èõ äîëÿ ñîñòàâëÿåò áîëåå 50 % âñåõ îáðàùåíèé). Ýòè îáðàùåíèÿ ñëóæàò äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû âûðàçèòü îòíîøåíèå àâòîðà ê ëèðè÷åñêèì àäðåñàòàì, êîòîðûì àäðåñîâàíî ñòèõîòâîðåíèå:

1)   îáðàùåíèÿ ê ðåàëüíîìó àäðåñàòó – ñîâðåìåííèêó ïîýòà:

                                      Çàáóäü, ëþáåçíûé Ïåòåðñîí,

                                      Ìîè ìèíóâøèå ñóæäåíüÿ

                                                                             ( I, 102 )

2)   îáðàùåíèÿ ê óñëîâíîìó àäðåñàòó:

                                      Äóøà ìîÿ ìðà÷íà, ñêîðåé, ïåâåö, ñêîðåé!

                                      Âîò àðôà çîëîòàÿ

                                                                             ( I, 11 )

                                      Ëþáëþ, äðóçüÿ, êîãäà çà ðå÷êîé ãàñíåò äåíü,

                                      Óêðûâøèõñÿ ëåñîâ â òàèíñòâåííóþ ñåíü

                                                                             ( I, 121 )

                                       Î, âåðüòå ìíå, êðàñàâèöû Ìîñêâû,

                                      Áëèñòàòåëüíûé âàø ãîëîâíîé óáîð

                                      Âñêðóæèòü íå â ñèëàõ íàøåé ãîëîâû

                                                                             ( I, 169 )

                                                          - 55 -

3)   îáðàùåíèÿ ê ìèôîëîãè÷åñêèì áîãàì è ãåðîÿì, ê ïåðñîíàæàì, ñîçäàííûì ôàíòàçèåé àâòîðà:

                                      Òàê âîò ÷òî ÿ ëþáèë! Êëÿíóñü, ìîé áîã,

                                      Òû ëó÷øóþ åé ó÷àñòü äàòü íå ìîã

                                                                             ( II, 237 )

                                      Ïðèäè æå èç ïîäçåìíîãî îãíÿ,

                                      ×åðòåíîê ìîé, âçúåðîøåííûé îñòðÿê

                                                                             ( I, 169 )

                                      È òû, ìîé ñòàðåö ñ ðûæèì ïàðèêîì,

                                      Òû, äåïóòàò ñòîëåòèé è ìîãèë

                                                                             ( I, 170 )

          Êîîðäèíàöèîííî – çâàòåëüíàÿ ôóíêöèÿ îáðàùåíèé ñëóæèò äëÿ óñòàíîâëåíèÿ êîíòàêòà ìåæäó ïîýòîì è ÷èòàòåëåì, ïðè÷åì ÷àñòî ñ äîáàâî÷íîé ðàöèîíàëüíî – ýìîöèîíàëüíîé êâàëèôèêàöèåé ÷èòàòåëÿ.

          Ì.Þ. Ëåðìîíòîâ íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî îáðàùàåòñÿ ê ñâîåìó ÷èòàòåëþ â ïîýìàõ:

                                      Óâû! ×èòàòåëü ìîé ëþáåçíûé,

                                      ×òî äåëàòü ìíå – îí áûë òàêîâ

                                                                             ( II, 487 )

                                      ß íå ïîâåäàë âàì, ÷èòàòåëü,

                                      ×òî êàçíà÷åé ìîé áûë æåíàò

                                                                             ( II, 11 )

                                      Íî ïðåæäå íóæíî âàì, ÷èòàòåëü,

                                      Ãåðîåâ ïîêàçàòü ïîðòðåò

                                                                             ( II, 488 )

____________________________________________________________________

          Ìàêñèìîâ Ë.Þ. Óêàç. ñî÷. Ñ.80.

                                                          - 56 -

                                      Áóäü òåðïåëèâ, ÷èòàòåëü ìèëûé ìîé,

                                      Êòî á íè áûë òû: âíóê Åâû èëü Àäàìà

                                                                             ( II, 71 )

                                      Åùå òóò áûëè… íî äîâîëüíî,

                                      ×èòàòåëü ìèëûé, áóäåò ñ âàñ

                                                                             ( II, 7 )

4.5          Ïîçèöèÿ îáðàùåíèé â ïðåäëîæåíèè.

          Îáðàùåíèÿ âîçìîæíû â íà÷àëå (ïðåïîçèòèâíûå), â ñåðåäèíå (èíòåðïîçèòèâíûå) è â êîíöå (ïîñòïîçèòèâíûå) ïðåäëîæåíèÿ.

          Ïîçèöèÿ îáðàùåíèÿ â ïðåäëîæåíèè â ëèðèêå Ì.Þ. Ëåðìîíòîâà ñâÿçàíà ñ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèåì ñòåðæíåâîãî ñëîâà îáðàùåíèÿ.

          Ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûå îáðàùåíèÿ íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðåïîçèòèâíîì ðàñïîëîæåíèè èëè ïîñòïîçèòèâíîì ðàñïîëîæåíèè è ÷àùå âñåãî â ýìîöèîíàëüíî – îêðàøåííîé ðå÷è (áîëåå 50 %):

                                      Óòåøü ñåáÿ, íåâîëüíèê ìèëûé,

                                      Åùå íå âñå òû ïîãóáèë

                                                                             ( II, 179 )

                                      Êàê ÿ ëþáèë, Êàâêàç ìîé âåëè÷àâûé,

                                      Òâîèõ ñûíîâ âîèíñòâåííûå íðàâû

                                                                             ( II, 335 )

                                      Íå óåçæàé, ëåçãèíåö ìîëîäîé,

                                      Çà÷åì ñïåøèøü íà ðîäèíó ñâîþ?

Ñòðàíèöû: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14


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