Реферат: Механические свойства элементов Периодической системы Менделеева
Hardness, Rockwell A 35
Hardness, Rockwell B 51
Hardness, Vickers 100
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,35
Copper (Cold Drawn)
Hardness, Rockwell B 37
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 344 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 333,4 MPa
Elongation at Break 14%
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,364
Zinc
Hardness, Vickers 30
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 37 MPa cast sample
Modulus of Elasticity 96,5 GPa
Gallium
Hardness, Vickers 50
Germanium
Knoop Microhardness 7644 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity 130 GPa Average of three axes
Poisson's Ratio 0,3 Calculated
Shear Modulus 50 GPa Average of three axes
Selenium
Knoop Microhardness 350 N/mm2 Gray Selenium
Modulus of Elasticity 57,9 GPa
Shear Modulus 6,46 GPa
Rubidium
Modulus of Elasticity 2,35 GPa
Strontium
Bulk Modulus 11,61 GPa
Yttrium
Hardness, Vickers 40 highly anisotropic
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 150 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 67 MPa
Elongation at Break 34% in 25 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 63,5 GPa
Bulk Modulus 41,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,243
Shear Modulus 25,6 GPa
Zirconium
Hardness, Brinell 145 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball, Annealed sample
Hardness, Rockwell A 49 annealed sample
Hardness, Rockwell B 78 Annealed sample
Hardness, Vickers 150 annealed sample
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 330 MPa Annealed
Tensile Strength, Yield 230 MPa Annealed
Elongation at Break 32% Annealed
Modulus of Elasticity 94,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,34
Shear Modulus 40 GPa Calculated
Niobium (Columbium) (Annealed Sample)
Hardness, Vickers 80
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 300 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 207 MPa
Elongation at Break 30%
Modulus of Elasticity 103 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,38
Shear Modulus 37,5 GPa
Niobium (Columbium) (Cold-Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 126 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 45
Hardness, Rockwell B 71
Hardness, Vickers 130
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 600 MPa
Niobium (Columbium) (Wrought)
Hardness, Brinell 152 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Knoop 175
Hardness, Rockwell B 81,7
Hardness, Vickers 160
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 585 MPa
Elongation at Break 5%
Molybdenum (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 225 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 60 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 98 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 19 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 230
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 324 MPa
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 350 MPa Single crystal
Modulus of Elasticity 330 GPa; 275 GPa at 1000°C
Compressive Yield Strength 400 MPa 0,01% Yield
Bulk Modulus 272 GPa
Shear Modulus 120 GPa
Shear Strength 500 MPa torsional strain rate 0,25/sec
Molybdenum (Recrystallized)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 415 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 300 MPa 0,2% Offset
Elongation at Break Max 40% in 50 mm
Molybdenum (Stress Relieved Condition)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 515 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 415 MPa 0,2% Offset
Elongation at Break 2–17% in 50 mm
Technetium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 112
Hardness, Vickers 151
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 800 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 320 MPa 0,2% offset
Elongation at Break 30% in 25 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 322 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 281 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,31
Shear Modulus 123 GPa
Technetium (As-Rolled)
Hardness, Brinell 442
Hardness, Vickers 394
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1510 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 1290 MPa 0,2% offset
Elongation at Break 4% in 25 mm
Ruthenium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 220 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 60 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 96 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 18 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 220
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 370 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 414 GPa
Ruthenium (Hot Rolled Bar)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 540 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 414 GPa
Rhodium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 89 Converted from Vickers for 500 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 35 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 51 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 100
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 951 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 359 GPa
Rhodium (As-Plated)
Hardness, Brinell 722 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 83 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 63 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 800
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 700 MPa
Rhodium (Hardened)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2068 MPa
Palladium
Hardness, Vickers 37 Annealed
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 180 MPa Annealed
Modulus of Elasticity 117 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,39
Shear Modulus 49 GPa Calculated
Silver
Hardness, Vickers 25 Annealed
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 140 MPa Annealed
Modulus of Elasticity 76 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,37 Annealed
Poisson's Ratio 0,39 Hard drawn
Shear Modulus 32 GPa Calculated; Annealed
Cadmium
Hardness, Brinell 16–24
Hardness, Vickers 22
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 75 MPa
Elongation at Break 50% in 25 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 55,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 19,2 GPa
Indium
Hardness, Brinell 0,9
Hardness, Vickers Max 10
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 4,5 MPa Annealed
Modulus of Elasticity 12,7 GPa in tension
Compressive Yield Strength 2,14 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,4498
Shear Modulus 5 GPa Calculated
Tin
Hardness, Brinell 3,9
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 220 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 18 GPa Calculated
Antimony
Hardness, Brinell 30–58
Hardness, Vickers 30–60
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 11,4 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 77,759 GPa
Shear Modulus 19 GPa
Tellurium
Hardness, Brinell 25
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 11 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 40 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,33
Shear Modulus 15,16 GPa
Cesium
Bulk Modulus 1,57 GPa
Barium
Modulus of Elasticity 12,8 GPa
Bulk Modulus 10,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 6 GPa Calculated
Lanthanum
Hardness, Vickers 28
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 130 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 125 MPa
Elongation at Break 7,9%
Modulus of Elasticity 36,6 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 27,9 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 14,3 GPa
Cerium
Hardness, Vickers 24
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 100 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 91 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Bulk Modulus 21,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,248
Shear Modulus 13,5 GPa
Praseodymium
Hardness, Vickers 20
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 110 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 100 MPa
Elongation at Break 15%
Modulus of Elasticity 37,3 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 28,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,281
Shear Modulus 14,8 GPa
Neodymium
Hardness, Vickers 18
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 170 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 165 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%
Modulus of Elasticity 41,4 GPa
Bulk Modulus 31,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,281
Shear Modulus 16,3 GPa
Promethium
Hardness, Knoop 63
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 160 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 70 MPa
Elongation at Break 25%
Modulus of Elasticity 50 GPa (tension)
Bulk Modulus 33 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 18 GPa
Samarium
Hardness, Vickers 39
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 120–156 MPa different sources report in this range
Tensile Strength, Yield 68–112 MPa
Elongation at Break 17%
Modulus of Elasticity 49,7 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 37,8 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,274
Shear Modulus 19,5 GPa
Europium
Hardness, Vickers 17
Modulus of Elasticity 18,2 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 8,3 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,152
Shear Modulus 7,9 GPa
Gadolinium
Hardness, Vickers 37 polycrystalline
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 190 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 173 MPa
Elongation at Break 37%
Modulus of Elasticity 54,8 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 37,9 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,259
Shear Modulus 24 GPa Calculated
