Реферат: Механические свойства элементов Периодической системы Менделеева
Реферат: Механические свойства элементов Периодической системы Менделеева
Mechanical Properties Of Elements from http://matweb.com/.
Lithium
Hardness, Vickers Max 5
Tensile Strength, Ultimate Max 15 MPa
Beryllium
Hardness, Rockwell B 75–85
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 370 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 240 MPa
Elongation at Break 3%
Modulus of Elasticity 303 GPa
Compressive Yield Strength 270 MPa Yield at 0,2% offset (10% higher than tensile yield strength)
Poisson's Ratio 0,07–0,18 values between 0,07 and 0,18 have been reported for beryllium
Charpy Impact 1,5–5,5 J (1,11–4,06 ft-lb) Notch status unknown
Fatigue Strength 160 MPa 107 cycles; Kt=3,07 and R = 0,1
Fatigue Strength 240 MPa 104 cycles; Kt=3,07 and R = 0,1
Fatigue Strength 240 MPa smooth; 107 cycles (=yield strength)
Fracture Toughness 10,6–12,3 MPa-mЅ KIC for hot-pressed structural grades
Shear Modulus 135 GPa
Shear Strength 345 MPa hot-pressed block
Shear Strength 480 MPa cross-rolled sheet
Boron (Crystalline)
Knoop Microhardness 99,9% pure is 3300 (100 g load)
9,3 Mohs
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 2,6–3,1 MPa
Compressive Yield Strength Max 0,5 MPa B2O3 inclusions
Boron (Amorphous)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 1,6–2,4 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 0,44 GPa in tension
Diamond (С)
Hardness, Knoop 8000
Knoop Microhardness 56–102 (001) face
Knoop Microhardness 58–88 (110),(111) faces
Knoop Microhardness 79 GPa
Vickers Microhardness 88–147 in GPa; (001) face
Vickers Microhardness 98 in GPa; (111) face
Hardness, Mohs 10
Abrasive Hardness 140000
Modulus of Elasticity 700–1200 GPa
Compressive Yield Strength 8680–16530 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,1–0,29
Fracture Toughness 3,4 MPa-mЅ
Sodium
Hardness, Vickers 0,1
Tensile Strength, Ultimate Max 10 MPa
Magnesium (Annealed Sheet)
Hardness, Brinell 40 500 kg load/10 mm ball
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 160–196 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 90–105 MPa
Elongation at Break 3–15%
Modulus of Elasticity 44 GPa
Compressive Yield Strength 69–83 MPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,35
Shear Modulus 19 GPa Calculated
Coefficient of Friction 0,36 versus magnesium at 20°C
Magnesium (Hard-Rolled Sheet)
Hardness, Brinell 46 500 kg load/10 mm ball
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 180–220 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 115–140 MPa
Elongation at Break 2–10%
Compressive Yield Strength 105–115 MPa
Magnesium (Extruded)
Hardness, Brinell 35 500 kg load/10 mm ball
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 165–205 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 69–105 MPa
Elongation at Break 5–8%
Compressive Yield Strength 34–55 MPa
Magnesium (Sand Cast)
Hardness, Brinell 30 500 kg load/10 mm ball
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 90 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 21 MPa
Elongation at Break 2–6%
Compressive Yield Strength 21 MPa
Aluminum
Hardness, Vickers 15 Annealed
Modulus of Elasticity 68 GPa
Shear Modulus 25 GPa
Silicon
Knoop Microhardness 11270 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity 112,4 GPa
Compressive Yield Strength 120 MPa
Bulk Modulus 98,74 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,28
Shear Modulus 49 GPa Calculated
Calcium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 17
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 40 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 13,7 MPa
Elongation at Break 52%
Modulus of Elasticity 23,4 GPa
Bulk Modulus 15,2 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,31
Shear Modulus 7,38 GPa
Calcium (Rolled)
Hardness, Vickers 17 Unknown Heat Treatment
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 110 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 84,8 MPa
Elongation at Break 7%
Scandium
Hardness, Vickers 132 (0001) face
Hardness, Vickers 36 (0101) face
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 255 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 173 MPa
Elongation at Break 5%
Modulus of Elasticity 74,4 GPa in tension
Bulk Modulus 56,6 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,279
Shear Modulus 29,1 GPa
Titanium
Hardness, Brinell 70 electrolytic Ti
Hardness, Vickers 60
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 220 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 140 MPa
Elongation at Break 54%
Modulus of Elasticity 116 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,34
Vanadium (Vacuum Annealed Sheet)
Hardness, Brinell 137 Converted from Rockwell B, (500 kg load)
Hardness, Knoop 173 Converted from Rockwell B
Hardness, Rockwell A 51,1 Converted from Rockwell B
Hardness, Rockwell B 83
Hardness, Vickers 159 Converted from Rockwell B
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 536 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 454 MPa
Elongation at Break 20% in 50 mm
Modulus of Elasticity 125,5 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,36
Shear Modulus 46,4 GPa
Vanadium (Cold Rolled)
Hardness, Brinell 165 Converted from Vickers, (3000 kg load)
Hardness, Rockwell A 52 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 100
Hardness, Rockwell C 3 Converted from Vickers, Value below normal HRC range, for comparison only
Hardness, Vickers 170
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 800 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 776 MPa
Elongation at Break 2% in 50 mm
Vanadium (Hot Rolled Bar)
Hardness, Brinell 142 Converted from Rockwell B, (500 kg load)
Hardness, Knoop 180 Converted from Rockwell B
Hardness, Rockwell A 52,3 Converted from Rockwell B
Hardness, Rockwell B 85
Hardness, Vickers 165 Converted from Rockwell B
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 472 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 439 MPa
Elongation at Break 27% in 50 mm
Vanadium (Vacuum Annealed Wire)
Hardness, Brinell 126 Converted from Rockwell A (500 kg load)
Hardness, Knoop 158 Converted from Rockwell A
Hardness, Rockwell A 48
Hardness, Rockwell B 78 Converted from Rockwell A
Hardness, Vickers 141 Converted from Rockwell A
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 538 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 463 MPa
Elongation at Break 25% in 50 mm
Vanadium (Cold Drawn Wire)
Hardness, Brinell 151 Converted from Rockwell A, (500 kg load)
Hardness, Knoop 192 Converted from Rockwell A
Hardness, Rockwell A 54
Hardness, Rockwell B 88 Converted from Rockwell A
Hardness, Vickers 176 Converted from Rockwell A
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 911 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 765 MPa
Elongation at Break 6,8% in 50 mm
Chromium (Annealed)
Hardness, Brinell 80 Converted from Vickers for 500 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Knoop 102 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell B 48 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 90
Charpy Impact, Unnotched 2 J (1,48 ft-lb) Unspecified Heat Treatment
Chromium (Recrystallized)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 282 MPa
Elongation at Break 0%
Modulus of Elasticity 248 GPa
Chromium (As-Swaged)
Hardness, Brinell 125
Hardness, Knoop 144 Converted from Brinell
Hardness, Rockwell B 72 Converted from Brinell
Hardness, Vickers 131 Converted from Brinell
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 413 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 362 MPa
Elongation at Break 44%
Manganese
Hardness, Brinell 460 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 75 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Rockwell C 48 Converted from Vickers
Hardness, Vickers 500
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 496 MPa γ-Phase
Tensile Strength, Yield 241 MPa γ-Phase
Modulus of Elasticity 159 GPa
Bulk Modulus 92,6 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,35
Shear Modulus 76,4 GPa
Iron
Hardness, Brinell 146 Converted from Vickers for 3000 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
Hardness, Rockwell A 49
Hardness, Rockwell B 79
Hardness, Vickers 150
Tensile Strength, Yield 50 MPa 0,5% strain; after zone refining
Modulus of Elasticity 200 GPa
Bulk Modulus 166 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,291
Shear Modulus 87 GPa Calculated
Cobalt
Hardness, Brinell 125
Hardness, Vickers 253
Tensile Strength, Yield 225 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 211 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,32
Shear Modulus 82,6 GPa
Nickel (Annealed)
Hardness, Vickers 75
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 45 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity 207 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,31
Shear Modulus 76 GPa
Nickel (Typical)
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 317 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 59 MPa
Elongation at Break 30%
Shear Modulus 76 GPa
Copper (Annealed)
Hardness, Vickers 50
Tensile Strength, Ultimate 210 MPa
Tensile Strength, Yield 33,3 MPa
Elongation at Break 60%
Modulus of Elasticity 110 GPa
Bulk Modulus 140 GPa
Poisson's Ratio 0,343
Shear Modulus 46 GPa
Copper (Cold-Worked)
Hardness, Brinell 89 Converted from Vickers for 500 kg load/10 mm ball Brinell test
