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   История коневодства в Тамбовской области

before marriage) to be present on it with visitors, which were in

Novotomnikovo that time. The visitors were only grand people: the members

of tzar family, which arrival was marked with planting of one more tree in

oak alley of ancient park. Such as relatives of four daughters married off

in families of Shuvalov’s, Sheremetyev’s, Musin-Pushkin’s, and Demidov’s.

The conversations about horses touched common interest, as all

aristocracy had stables and stud farms. This kind of private business was

considered to be almost the only activity that is not derogating dignity of

a true aristocrat.

By the end of 19th century on private and state stud farms in

Russia there were 20 trotters prizewinners of an American origin. In the

mass order there was a crossing of blooded Oryol dams with American

trotters.

The most given was Vorontsov-Dashkov. Even two victories of

“oryols” over “americans” in summer season of 1898 didn’t cool him. The

Oryol trotter Boets broke the record on three miles established by American

trotter Monnet. His own mare Krylataya broke the record of Monnet on three

and three quarters of second in the same season. But he had made the

choice, « his knight's move », and was not going to back up. Soon the count

accepted on a service all jockeys of Clayton’s family with the fantastic

salary 300 thousands rubles per year.

The outstanding scientist hippologist prince Sergei Urusov engaged in

controversy against Vorontsov-Dashkov. Urusov considered cross-breeding «as

a medicine not by illness». «The only developing of ability to quick trot,

as they have made with the trotter in America, - he wrote, - will result in

quick but narrow, boneless, long-legged horse without rib and quite often

without a back and completely useless in agriculture. It is necessary to

improve inside the breed. Bad can be born even from good but never good

from bad ».

Many years have passed since then and this dispute has not

finished yet.

After the death of the count Vorontsov-Dashkov in 1916 his heirs,

going to leave the country, arranged cut-price sale of all horses’ elite of

the farm. In Soviet time it became only a branch of state stud farm in

Morshansk.

By 1918 in Novotomnikovo left only three blooded mares of Oryol

breed. Horses were taken from stables both by “red” and “white”. The very

nice farm before now it fell to desolation and, as the saying goes, the

farm was going. For long time it was existing only as horsing point, on

which only a dozen of mares were blissomed per year.

By a lucky chance among the three left blooded Oryol dams there

was the young mare Opora. Later she was bound to play the outstanding role

in domestic horse-breeding and to save the breed of Oryol trotters from

complete oblivion. In a 1934 she gave birth to a colt named Otboy. His

father was stallion Burelom born in 1927. The Moscow scientist hippologist

S. Kalinin liked this streamlined trotter after the Moscow races in 1930

and advised to pay the special attention to him.

Meanwhile stud farms kept cross-breeding of Oryol trot horses,

what was started before the revolution. Only now they cross-breed blooded

Oryol mares not with American trotters, the state did not give money to buy

them, but with crossbreeds’ posterity. At first they were called “american-

oryols”, then just Russian trotters. They were propagated on six stud

farms, mainly on Lavrovsk farm in our region.

The big work was performing continuously on creating and developing of

that new breed of thrifty trotters. The care for Oryol trotters was paled

into insignificance. The majority of the experts believed that this breed

had reached the limits of the further perfection. And, as it turned out,

they were wrong.

Today in stalls of Novotomnikovo stud farm stay the good-lookers

of Oryol breed restored by the efforts of horse-breeding enthusiasts. The

farm fosterlings have reached friskiness, which once was considered

possible only for American trotters. Now the Russian troyka, made from

Oryol trotters revives abroad as the mode. The customers from abroad

readily buy them in Novotomnikovo.

One cannot name the work on cross-breeding of Oryol trotter with

American one as reckless step. If due to Oryol trotter Russia gained the

improved breed of working horses in place of bow-backed hacks with bangled

stomachs, then the cross-breeding of Oryol horse gave the new breed of

Russian trotter of distinct sportish type.

There is no other animal like horse the mankind is so indebted

to. Without the count Aleksei Orlov we would not have Oryol trotters, which

bring glory to Russia for many years, making an ornament to our nation. We

would not receive a trotter, which is used for breed improvement of

trotting horses almost in all countries of Western Europe, and also in Asia

and America.

For the revirescence of beautiful Oryol trotter we are obliged to

S. Kasimenko. It was him, who managed the farm and choose the dams for

Burelom. In such selection the ancestry of dams is very important, down to

their great-grandfathers and great-grandmothers and even deeper into a

family tree. All their features and qualities are taken into account. All

was clear with Burelom, the son of distinguished Oryol trotter Lovchiy.

Maternally his bloodline ascended to the famous stallion Zadorniy, who

brought the first glory to Novotomnikovo farm of Vorontsov-Dashkov. But the

mare Opora, born even before October revolution, was in declining years for

horses and seemed to be not a suitable bride for young beauty Burelom.

However Kasimenko took chances. As we mentioned, stallion Otboy was born

from this unequal march. The careful godfather to him became A. Samoilov,

who replaced Kasimenko in a 1934.

At first Otboy didn’t show anything special in posterity. They

have from him just common trotters and dams not distinguished by high

friskiness, only their exterior was faultless.

The farm decided to part with Otboy. He was sent to other stud

farm. And here we should say thanks to A. Popov, who was the head of horse

department during the Great Patriotic War. Popov decided to return Otboy in

Novotomnikovo. But the new head V. Remizov received him there. Popov went

to the front in 1943 and did not come back on farm, as well as other 36

workers of farm - hostlers, jockeys, foragers, tractor operators, smiths

didn’t return here after war.

Remizov had been working in Novotomnikovo till 1965, and in his

time a new line in breed of Oryol trotter was born and appeared the new

branch on his family tree. The grey colt Otklik came into being after Otboy

and mare Konventsiya on Zaporozhye stud farm in 1952. Konventsiya had

arrived on this farm from Novotomnikovo already pregnant. So all palms for

a new line of Oryol trotter belong to the stud farm in Novotomnikovo.

The posterity of Otklik appeared to be marvelously quick. The

stallions Vodovorot and Borets ran a mile for two minutes and four tenths

of a second.

The interest to Oryol trotter has revived today all over the world.

Horses from Novotomnikovo have purchased the stud farms of Czechoslovakia,

Hungary, China, Germany, and Sweden. All America and Canada have got

acquainted with troika of Oryol trotters, where the thiller was a trotter

from Novotomnikovo farm. The millions of televiewers in these countries

admired them. Many newspapers of Old and New World enthusiastically wrote

about them.

The Lavrovo stud farm

The Lavrovo stud farm is located in Mordovian area of Tambov

region and stands out against other trotting stud farms because of the

achievements of its fosterlings.

Established by the good judge of horses V.P. Voeykov 170 years

ago, the Lavrovo stud farm is one of «big fishes» of domestic trotters. Ii

is the birthplace of the well-known grey Oryol trotter Lebed 5.44 (Atlasniy

- Pobeda), born in1829. He is on the pictures of the artist N.G. Sverchkov

and on the tapestry made by bondmaids from village Lavrovo. These things

are kept in the museum of horse-breeding of TAA.

Till the end of 80-th the farm in Lavrovo kept the path of cross-

breeding.

During the civil war the facilities were ruined, the horses were

plundered. They could save only one mare Margaritka 2.16,1 (Fatalist -

Binyonia), born in 1918, who later became a founder of dams family and was

the great-grandmother of Pervenets 2.00,4. During the acquisition of the

farm (1922-23) not only “Oryol-Americans” got there, but also the Oryol

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