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   Ukraine

Ukraine

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Ukraine

|Geography |

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Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and

Russia

Geographic coordinates: 49 00 N, 32 00 E

Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

Area:

total: 603,700 sq km

land: 603,700 sq km

water: 0 sq km

Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Texas

Land boundaries:

total: 4,558 km

border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland

428 km, Romania (south) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km,

Slovakia 90 km

Coastline: 2,782 km

Maritime claims:

continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate: temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean

coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and

north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black

Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the

country, hot in the south

Terrain: most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus,

mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the

Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Black Sea 0 m

highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m

Natural resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt,

sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber

Land use:

arable land: 58%

permanent crops: 2%

permanent pastures: 13%

forests and woodland: 18%

other: 9% (1993 est.)

Irrigated land: 26,050 sq km (1993 est.)

Natural hazards: NA

Environment—current issues: inadequate supplies of potable water; air and

water pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast

from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant

Environment—international agreements:

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-

Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental

Modification, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,

Ship Pollution

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air

Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-

Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea

Geography—note: strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and

Asia; second-largest country in Europe

|People |

[Top of Page]

Population: 49,811,174 (July 1999 est.)

Age structure:

0-14 years: 18% (male 4,690,318; female 4,498,239)

15-64 years: 68% (male 16,136,296; female 17,572,011)

65 years and over: 14% (male 2,251,664; female 4,662,646) (1999 est.)

Population growth rate: -0.62% (1999 est.)

Birth rate: 9.54 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Death rate: 16.38 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Net migration rate: 0.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.48 male(s)/female

total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

Infant mortality rate: 21.73 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 65.91 years

male: 60.23 years

female: 71.87 years (1999 est.)

Total fertility rate: 1.34 children born/woman (1999 est.)

Nationality:

noun: Ukrainian(s)

adjective: Ukrainian

Ethnic groups: Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%

Religions: Ukrainian Orthodox—Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox—Kiev

Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic

(Uniate), Protestant, Jewish

Languages: Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 98%

male: 100%

female: 97% (1989 est.)

|Government |

[Top of Page]

Country name:

conventional long form: none

conventional short form: Ukraine

local long form: none

local short form: Ukrayina

former: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Data code: UP

Government type: republic

Capital: Kiev (Kyyiv)

Administrative divisions: 24 oblasti (singular—oblast'), 1 autonomous

republic* (avtomnaya respublika), and 2 municipalities (mista,

singular—misto) with oblast status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka

(Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka (Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka

(Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k), Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-

Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv), Khersons'ka (Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka

(Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad), Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev),

Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv), Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka

(Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Avtonomna Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'),

Rivnens'ka (Rivne), Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka (Sumy), Ternopil's'ka

(Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka (Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka

(Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka (Zhytomyr)

note: oblasts have the administrative center name following in parentheses

Independence: 1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)

National holiday: Independence Day, 24 August (1991)

Constitution: adopted 28 June 1996

Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative

acts

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994)

head of government: Prime Minister Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO (since 16 July

1997), First Deputy Prime Minister Volodymyr KURATCHENKO (since 14 January

1999), and three deputy prime ministers

cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president and approved by

the Supreme Council

note: there is also a National Security and Defense Council or NSDC

originally created in 1992 as the National Security Council, but

significantly revamped and strengthened under President KUCHMA; the NSDC

staff is tasked with developing national security policy on domestic and

international matters and advising the president; a Presidential

Administration that helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy

support to the president; and a Council of Regions that serves as an

advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994 that includes

chairmen of the Kyyiv (Kiev) and Sevastopol' municipalities and chairmen of

the Oblasti

elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election

last held 26 June and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA October 1999); prime

minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president and approved

by the People's Council

election results: Leonid D. KUCHMA elected president; percent of

vote—Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%, Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%

Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450

seats; under Ukraine's new election law, half of the Rada's seats are

allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain 4% of the

national electoral vote; the other 225 members are elected by popular vote

in single-mandate constituencies; all serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 29 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2002); note—repeat

elections continuing to fill vacant seats

election results: percent of vote by party (for parties clearing 4% hurdle

on 29 March 1998)—Communist 24.7%, Rukh 9.4%, Socialist/Peasant 8.6%, Green

5.3%, People's Democratic Party 5.0%, Hromada 4.7%, Progressive Socialist

4.0%, United Social Democratic Party 4.0%; seats by party (as of 8 July

1998)—Communist 120, People's Democratic Party 88, Rukh 47, Hromada 45,

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